California Penal Code §22910 — Manufacture, Import, Sale, or Possession of Undetectable Firearm
PC §22910 makes it a felony (or wobbler on possession-only prosecutions) to manufacture, cause to be manufactured, import into California, keep for sale, offer or expose for sale, give, lend, or possess any UNDETECTABLE FIREARM as defined in PC §17280 — a firearm not detectable by walk-through metal detectors or that lacks major components detectable by airport x-ray. §22910 targets 3D-printed 'ghost guns' and polymer weapons that evade security screening. Enhanced federal exposure under 18 USC §922(p).
Reviewed by Daniel S. Rubin, CA Bar 302093 · Los Angeles Criminal Defense Attorney · Manufacture, Import, Sale, or Possession of Undetectable Firearm Cases in All LA County Courts
01 — Quick Facts
PC §22910 — Manufacture, Import, Sale, or Possession of Undetectable Firearm at a Glance
| Fact | Detail |
|---|---|
| Full Name | California Penal Code §22910 — Manufacture, Import, Sale, or Possession of Undetectable Firearm |
| Code Type | Penal Code (PC) |
| Classification | Wobbler (misdemeanor or felony) |
| Misdemeanor Penalty | Up to 1 year county jail |
| Felony Penalty | 16 months, 2, or 3 years county jail (§1170(h)) |
| Controlling Definition | PC §17280 — undetectable firearm defined as firearm not detectable by walk-through metal detectors or lacking major components detectable by airport x-ray |
| Mens Rea Standard | General intent (Rubalcava) + In re Jorge M. knowledge gloss |
| Firearm Rights | §29805 10-yr (misdo) / §29800 lifetime + §922(g)(1) (felony) |
| Free Consultation | (213) 723-2337 — 24/7 |
01 — What Is PC §22910?
What Is California Penal Code §22910?
PC §22910 Reads:
"California Penal Code §22910 prohibits the manufacture, importation, keeping for sale, offering or exposing for sale, giving, lending, or possession of any item within its scope. Penalty tracks the wobbler / felony structure under PC §1170(h)."
— California Penal Code §22910 (paraphrased)
PC §22910 — Manufacture, Import, Sale, or Possession of Undetectable Firearm — is part of California's weapons-regulation framework. It is prosecuted by the LA County District Attorney and, where applicable, the U.S. Attorney's Office. The controlling definition is PC §17280 — undetectable firearm defined as firearm not detectable by walk-through metal detectors or lacking major components detectable by airport x-ray. The general-intent mens rea standard from People v. Rubalcava (2000) 23 Cal.4th 322 applies; In re Jorge M. (2000) 23 Cal.4th 866 supplies the knowledge-of-character gloss.
Statutory Definition — PC §17280
The §22910 definition is the pivotal element in every prosecution. Rubin Law, P.C. defends by challenging the definition at preliminary hearing (§995 dismissal), litigating Fourth Amendment suppression (§1538.5), and negotiating §17(b) wobbler reduction or §1170(h) split sentencing.
Item Within §22910 Definition
Full statutory exposure — wobbler up to 3 years
Item Outside §22910 Definition
Case dismissed — no §22910 violation.
Why the §22910 Definition Drives Defense
PC §17280 detectability definition, statutory exemptions for licensed manufacturers, and §1538.5 suppression drive these cases.
Official Sources
02 — Elements of the Crime
Elements the Prosecution Must Prove Under PC §22910
The prosecution must prove each of the following beyond a reasonable doubt.
Firearm Meets §17280 Undetectable Definition
Firearm not detectable by walk-through metal detectors after removal of grips/stocks/magazines, or with major components lacking x-ray detectability. 3D-printed polymer frames are the paradigm §22910 firearm.
Prohibited Conduct
Manufacture, import into California, keep for sale, offer/expose for sale, give, lend, or possess.
Knowing Possession/Manufacture
Defendant knew of the firearm's presence and its undetectable character.
04 — Penalties
Penalties for PC §22910 Manufacture, Import, Sale, or Possession of Undetectable Firearm in California
§22910 is a wobbler with distinct misdemeanor and felony tracks.
| Charge | Code | Prison Term | Probation | Strike |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Misdemeanor §22910 | PC §22910 | Up to 1 year county jail | Standard | No |
| Felony §22910 (§1170(h)) | PC §22910 | 16 months, 2, or 3 years county jail | Available | No |
| Concurrent §29800(a)(1) | PC §29800(a)(1) | 16 months, 2, or 3 years — if prior felony | Rare | No |
| Concurrent §245(a)(1) if used offensively | PC §245(a)(1) | Up to 4 years — strike | Available | Yes |
| Gang Enhancement | PC §186.22(b) | Adds 2, 3, or 4 years | Rare | Yes |
Enhancements That Increase §22910 Exposure
School Grounds
PC §626.10 / §626.9
Weapon on school grounds — separate wobbler or felony exposure up to 5 years.
Courthouse / Airport
PC §171b / 49 USC §46505
Weapon in courthouse or airport — separate state wobbler and federal 10-year exposure.
Gang Predicate
PC §186.22(b)
Adds 2-4 years and converts to strike.
Prior Convictions
PC §667.5(b)
Prior prison priors support enhanced sentencing on felony filing.
Offensive Use
PC §245(a)(1)
Weapon used offensively supports felony assault + strike.
Beyond the Sentence
- Weapon forfeiture and destruction
- PC §29805 10-year firearm prohibition on misdemeanor conviction; §29800 lifetime prohibition on felony conviction
- Federal 18 USC §922(g) firearm prohibition on felony conviction
- Immigration consequences under 8 USC §1227(a)(2)(C) on felony weapons conviction — case-specific analysis
- Employment and professional-license consequences
- TSA / travel disclosure consequences
Sentencing References
05 — Defense Strategies
How Rubin Law Defends PC §22910 Manufacture, Import, Sale, or Possession of Undetectable Firearm Charges
§22910 defenses focus on statutory-definition challenges, mens rea, and Fourth Amendment suppression.
Statutory Definition Challenge
Prosecution must prove the item meets the specific statutory definition (PC §17280 — undetectable firearm defined as firearm not detectable by walk-through metal detectors or lacking major components detectable by airport x-ray). Case-specific expert-witness examination frequently defeats the classification.
PC §22910
No Knowing Possession
In re Jorge M. and constructive-possession case law — item planted, borrowed jacket, shared vehicle, or third party's bag. Defendant lacked knowledge of item's presence or character.
In re Jorge M.
Constructive-Possession Defense
Shared vehicle, third-party bag, roommate's property. People v. Sifuentes constructive-possession analysis.
People v. Sifuentes
Fourth Amendment Suppression
Warrantless search, Terry-stop overreach, Rodriguez prolongation, pretextual search of vehicle or bag. PC §1538.5 motion to suppress.
PC §1538.5
Statutory Exemption
Licensed dealer, manufacturer, law enforcement, antique / museum, or common-carrier exemption where applicable to the specific weapon.
Statutory Exemption
Functionality / Inert Item
Item is non-functional, inert, novelty, or replica lacking statutory operational characteristics. Expert-witness examination.
PC §22910
PC §17(b) Wobbler Reduction
Reduce felony filing to misdemeanor at preliminary hearing, sentencing, or after successful probation. Common on first-offense weapons filings.
Constitutional Sources
07 — Court Process
How PC §22910 Manufacture, Import, Sale, or Possession of Undetectable Firearm Cases Move Through Los Angeles Courts
§22910 cases follow the weapons-prosecution track with heavy motion practice.
- 1
Step 1 — Police Encounter
Cases arise from traffic stops with pat-down, probation searches, TSA / courthouse screening, and consent searches of vehicle or residence.
- 2
Step 2 — Instrument / Firearm Examination
LAPD SID / LASD firearms unit inspects the item and confirms statutory-definition elements. Expert reports frequently disputed at preliminary hearing.
- 3
Step 3 — Filing Decision
DA reviews wobbler misdemeanor vs. felony filing based on prior record, offense circumstances, and location.
- 4
Step 4 — Motion Practice
PC §1538.5 suppression, §995 dismissal on statutory-definition defense, In re Jorge M. mens-rea challenges, and (where applicable) §17(b) wobbler reduction.
- 5
Step 5 — Preliminary Hearing
Statutory-definition testimony, possession-knowledge testimony, and Fourth Amendment record all litigated at prelim.
- 6
Step 6 — Resolution
Dismissal on definition defense, §17(b) reduction, probation plea, or trial.
Los Angeles Courts That Handle PC §22910 Manufacture, Import, Sale, or Possession of Undetectable Firearm Cases
§22910 cases are prosecuted at LA County criminal courthouses.
Reviewed by Your Attorney
Daniel S. Rubin — Los Angeles Manufacture, Import, Sale, or Possession of Undetectable Firearm Defense Attorney
Daniel S. Rubin has defended clients charged with manufacture, import, sale, or possession of undetectable firearm and related offenses in Los Angeles County courts — including Clara Shortridge Foltz, Van Nuys, Compton, and Pomona. He understands that these cases are won in the details: the suppression hearing that eliminates key evidence, the preliminary hearing cross-examination that exposes a weak witness, the penalty phase argument that keeps a client out of the worst outcome.
This page was written and reviewed by Daniel A. Rubin, Los Angeles criminal defense attorney, CA State Bar 302093, with 10+ years of experience defending clients charged under PC §22910 in Los Angeles County. Last reviewed: July 2026.
CA Bar 302093 | Whittier Law School | Rising Star — Super Lawyers 2019–2023 | Manufacture, Import, Sale, or Possession of Undetectable Firearm Cases Throughout LA County
See our full Manufacture, Import, Sale, or Possession of Undetectable Firearm defense practice
09 — FAQs
PC §22910 Manufacture, Import, Sale, or Possession of Undetectable Firearm Questions — Los Angeles
What is the penalty for PC §22910?
PC §22910 is a wobbler. Misdemeanor exposure is up to 1 year county jail; felony exposure is 16 months, 2, or 3 years county jail under PC §1170(h). PC §17(b) reduction to misdemeanor is available at preliminary hearing, sentencing, or after successful probation.
What is the statutory definition for PC §22910?
The controlling definition is PC §17280 — undetectable firearm defined as firearm not detectable by walk-through metal detectors or lacking major components detectable by airport x-ray. The specific-item definition is the single most important element — case-specific expert-witness examination frequently defeats prosecution's classification.
Does §22910 require intent to use the item as a weapon?
No. California weapons-possession statutes are general-intent crimes. People v. Rubalcava (2000) 23 Cal.4th 322 (§21310) and its progeny hold the prosecution need only prove knowing possession. Some mens-rea gloss under In re Jorge M. (knowledge of the item's character) survives.
What counts as 'possession' under §22910?
Actual or constructive possession. Actual possession = item on person or in immediate control. Constructive possession = dominion and control over the location where the item was found, with knowledge of its presence. People v. Sifuentes constructive-possession analysis applies.
Are there statutory exemptions for §22910?
Yes — licensed dealer / manufacturer / importer, law enforcement, and (for certain items) antique / museum / common-carrier exemptions apply. Exemption analysis is item-specific and requires careful review of the applicable prohibitory statute and its cross-referenced exemption sections.
Can §22910 be resolved without a felony conviction?
Yes. Wobbler §22910 filings frequently resolve as misdemeanors through §17(b) reduction, dismissal on statutory-definition defense, or diversion (case-specific).
What are the immigration consequences of a §22910 conviction?
A felony weapons conviction may qualify as an aggravated felony under 8 USC §1101(a)(43)(E) and trigger removability under 8 USC §1227(a)(2)(C). Non-citizen defendants should confirm status-specific consequences under Padilla v. Kentucky before entering any plea.
What are the firearm-rights consequences of a §22910 conviction?
Misdemeanor conviction triggers a 10-year California firearm prohibition under PC §29805. Felony conviction triggers a LIFETIME California firearm prohibition under PC §29800 and a federal firearm prohibition under 18 USC §922(g)(1). PC §17(b) reduction and PC §1203.4 dismissal do NOT restore federal firearm rights.
Available 24/7 — Free Consultation
Charged Under PC §22910 Undetectable Firearm?
PC §17280 detectability definition, statutory exemptions for licensed manufacturers, and §1538.5 suppression drive these cases. Call Rubin Law, P.C. — free consult (213) 723-2337.